Urea is organic nitrogen

Urea is a high concentration of nitrogen fertilizer, is a neutral organic fertilizer, also can be used in the production of a variety of compound fertilizer. No residues in the soil any harmful material, long-term application of no bad influence. Animal husbandry can be used as the ruminant feed. But in the granulation temperature too high will produce a small amount of biuret, also called biuret, has inhibitory effect on crops. Our country regulation with urea fertilizer biuret content should be less than 0.5%. Biuret content exceeds 1%, cannot do seed manure, seedling weight and foliar fertilizer, the issue of the urea content in other also shoulds not be too much or too concentrated

Mostly used as nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, also used as raw material in production of plastics, resins, coating, and medicine. 

It is used as a surface fertilizer, alone or mixed with other fertilizers; 

- it is very effective for crops with long growing seasons; 

- determination on the field is based on the culture and climatic conditions and soil 

- urea may be used on all soils; 

- it is applied both early spring and during the vegetation. 

Apply in subsoil and cover when for calcareous and alkaline soils. 

Better to apply together with P K or organic fertilizers.

 Urea is mainly used for chemical fertilizer such as solo ingredient of nitrogen fertilizer as is ammonium sulphate and ingredient of mixed fertilizer or slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. Dilute urea liquid can be sprayed on leaves as fertilizer and put a little amount into feed for chewers. In addition, it is of wide use of industrial purpose such as plastic, dyeing, medicines and organic synthesis. Urea and melamine can be used either separately or as condensation resin for molding compound, adhesive material, paint, textile-processing and paper converting. By impregnating printing paper with melamine and applying heat and pressure, melamine resin decorated sheet can be produced, which offers great resistance to water and heat and has various uses.

Do foods naturally contain sodium benzoate

Sodium benzoate is added to many foods with a pH 4.5 or lower such as pickles, catsup, and soft drinks. It is also added to mouthwashes, toothpastes, creams, lotions and other cosmetic products where a small percentage may be absorbed through the skin.

Sodium benzoate is not found in foods unless it is added as a preservative. However, quite a number of foods contain benzoic acid. High concentrations of benzoic acid are found in some berries. Apples, plums, cinnamon, cloves and other foods including milk contain benzoic acid. It is found in many plants, animals and milk. You will find a number of sites on the internet stating that sodium benzoate is found in foods. That information probably came from Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 26 (2005). I encourage you to read it for yourself. I’ve included it in its entirety here, because it includes a great deal of related information. The document states that benzoic acid is naturally contained in many foods. The confusion comes because the document often uses benzoic acid and sodium benzoate synonymously e.g. benzoic acid/sodium benzoate. However, it clearly states that it is benzoic acid that is found naturally in foods, but sodium benzoate a food additive.

High viscosity of xanthan gum

Xanthan gum used in eye shadow can make the eye shadow with fluid structure, good stability, more important is can let eye kept at the temperature of 45 DEG C for two months.

Internationally, the development and application of xanthan gum is the earliest USA. American agricultural areas north of Peoria laboratory in the early 60's first by microbial fermentation method to obtain the xanthan gum. In 1964, the United States Merck's Keco division for the first time in the world to achieve the industrialization production of xanthan gum. In 1979 the world total yield of xanthan gum 2000t, in 1990 reached more than 4000t. In the United States, xanthan gum, annual production value of about $500000000, annual output value after antibiotic and solvent, ranking the third place in the fermentation products.

Provide excellent stability of skin cream and emulsion of xanthan gum. High viscosity of xanthan gum in static state is conducive to the stability of erasing personal care products uniformly dispersed in oil phase by shear thinning nature provides good lubrication and toning effect. The antioxidants ascorbic acid, because it can promote the synthesis of collagen, prevent aging, reduce fine lines fade melanin commonly used in skin care cosmetics in but in order to take effective components transported to specific locations must select the appropriate delivery system now in the microemulsion system of o/w to add a small amount of xanthan gum as the thickening agent can play a very good effect. Xanthan gum can also be used as a sunscreen sunscreen skin care products for skin from UV damage. In addition, xanthan gum can also be used as a thickening agent in the presence of low pH value and high electrolyte conditions used for whitening cosmetics.

Xantham gum cannot be used as a substitute for gum Arabic

Xanthan gum doesn't function as yeast/leavener; it mimics the function of gluten in flour. XG turns the dough gummy and sticky, which permits the dough to trap gas bubbles from the yeast(or other leavener), which in turn allows the dough to rise. Imagine if you will a large piece of bubble gum. That's the texture of wheat flour dough, and with xg, that will also be the approximate texture of your GF dough. 

Now onto the matter of xanthan gum and fermentation. XG is made by fermentation, it does not itself ferment. Many things are made by fermentation. In the case of XG, sugars are digested by bacteria, and they excrete xanthan gum. Yummy, huh? Another example is vanilla. Vanilla flavor is created by the fermentation of vanilla bean pods. But it doesn't itself ferment or create fermentation in cookery. Many other things are created by fermentation. 

While some people think that depends what for, but not really.  Xanthan gum is great for forming viscous solutions. Gum Arabic stabilizes emulsions and makes films but isn't that viscous.  Xanthan is a large stiff polysaccharide but gum Arabic has some protein groups that makes it amphipillic.

Xantham gum cannot be used as a substitute for gum Arabic. But gum arabic can be used as a substitute for xanthan gum. Xanthan gum may cause allergic reactions, especially those who have corn allergy in some people. For the case, you can substitute for xanthan gum in a specific amount. Gum arabic is one of the alternatives. It a natural food stabilizer, which is derived from the sap of various species of acacia tree. The low viscosity, high emulsification and adhesion properties make gum arabic an excellent ingredient in foods.

Unique pseudoplastic rheological characteristics of Xanthan gum

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide, derived from the bacterial coat of Xanthomonas campestris, used as a food additive and rheology modifier, commonly used as a food thickening agent and a stabilizer, to prevent ingredients from separating. It is produced by fermentation of glucose, sucrose, or lactose by the Xanthomonas campestris bacterium. After a fermentation period, the polysaccharide is precipitated from a growth medium with isopropyl alcohol, dried, and ground into a fine powder. Later, it is added to a liquid medium to form the gum .

Xanthan Gum can be widely used as salt/acid resistant thickener,high efficient suspension agent and emulsifier,high viscosity filling agent in viarous food and beverang.It can not only enhance the performance of water-keeping and shape-keeping,but also improve the freeze/thaw stability and mouth-feeling of food and beverage products.Meanwhile,Xanthan Gum can extend the shelf life of products,simplifying the filling and sterilization during the course of production.Little consume of  Xanthan Gum can save lots of production cost and increase the profit rate.

Features:

1) High efficiency thickening

2) A high degree pseudo-plasticity over board shear rate and concentration range

3) Stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions

4) Exhibit little solution viscosity change over a wide temperature range

5) Compatible with solutions containing high concentration of various salt

6) Provide excellent suspension for insoluble solids and oil droplets

7) Extremely effective emulsion and foam stabilizer

8) Show synergism with guar and locust bean gum

9) Provide excellent mouth-feel to various foods

10) Impart freeze and thaw stability

Ammonium nitrate used in pyrotechnics as oxidizers

Ammonium nitrate,  (NH4NO3), a salt of ammonia and nitric acid, used widely in fertilizers and explosives. The commercial grade contains about 33.5 percent nitrogen, all of which is in forms utilizable by plants; it is the most common nitrogenous component of artificial fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate also is employed to modify the detonation rate of other explosives, such as nitroglycerin in the so-called ammonia dynamites, or as an oxidizing agent in the ammonals, which are mixtures of ammonium nitrate and powdered aluminum.Ammonium nitrate is a colourless, crystalline substance (melting point 169.6° C [337.3° F]). 

Ammonium nitrate is often used as a substitute for Potassium nitrate in smoke bombs, flash powders and gun powders. Ammonium nitrate (often mixed with gun cotton) was considered superior to Potassium nitrate for making gun powder used in cannons because it made less smoke and produced less flash. This was the beginning of the production of "smoke-less" gun powders. 

One problem occurs when using Ammonium nitrate in mixtures. The compound will absorb water from the atmosphere and so must be kept sealed.

Ammonium nitrate, like potassium nitrate and most all nitrates, is an oxidizer. In the case of gunpowder, potassium nitrate is the oxidizer and charcoal and sulfur are the fuels. 

In general, oxidizers themselves are not considered to burn (there are some exceptions, like organic peroxides). Potassium nitrate does not burn. Instead, it just accelerates burning of other substances. 

Ammonium nitrate can do the same thing. There were propellants called "ammonpulvers" that used ammonium nitrate in place of potassium nitrate. In the old days, they were sometimes used instead of regular gunpowder in cannons, etc. One advantage was that they produced less flash and smoke. 

Calcium chloride is a drying agent

Calcium chloride is a drying agent, although often used only for gases. It is also widely sold for melting ice on sidewalks in cold climate areas. It is effective to a lower temperature then salt. 

Now, for treatment of insect bites, and not just mosquito, but the ones that can be deadly: 

Calcium chloride is essential for the proper functioning of nerve and muscle, where it has a major influence on stimulation thresholds and the release of neurotransmitters. Calcium chloride can be administered as adjunctive therapy in a number of conditions, including the following: insect bites or stings such as Black Widow Spider bites. 

The exact mechanism of black widow venom is not completely understood. There is an oversimplified view in the prehospital setting that black widow venom is essentially a calcium channel blocker similar to Cardizem. The common belief is that calcium gluconate or calcium chloride is the best treatment.